This will be subject to local law wherever you live, but in most of the USA you can get a hearing aid dispenser’s license without much difficulty, and without studying to be an audiologist. There have been many fraudsters operating in this market going back 40 years or more, so there are a few more legal hurdles and trust issues to work through.
In order to ‘sell’ hearing aids, you have to be a licensed hearing instrument specialist/dispenser. Each state is different, and below is a link to the law in Vermont.
http://vtprofessionals.org/opr1/hearing_aids/1
I think it is a little rich to state that one can get a license without ‘too much difficulty.’ There is a book about an inch thick crammed with information about anatomy and physiology, physics of sound, hearing aid technology, testing methodology, pathology, hearing aid selection, different types of hearing aid, different types of hearing loss, understanding hearing test results, impression taking, causes of hearing loss, hearing aid/ear mold design, and much more.
Once you’ve learned all that you have to pass a written exam, a practical exam, and often (depending on state), apprentice for up to a year, before you can obtain a license. If you fail any part of the exam, you can often find yourself waiting up to six months for a chance to retake.
It’s not easy like getting a gun license, or drivers license. You have to learn a lot of different concepts which can be tough if you are not attending classes or working as an apprentice.
I’d also take exception to the notion that this field has a greater than normal number of ‘fraudsters’ in it. But I’d look at any evidence you have of this assertion if you have some. I don’t think there is any more or any less ethical problems in this industry than most others that involve dealing with the public.
You will face legal liability in the sense that you can get in real trouble for selling a hearing aid when it isn’t needed, or to kids below a certain age… and possibly other cases too. I’m not a lawyer and this isn’t legal advice.
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Unless you are an audiologist, you really shouldn’t be dispensing to minors under 18 period. It’s a very different field and it requires a very different skill set. Some states I think permit this under doctor supervision, but it’s just not a smart move. Leave the kids to those with a specialty in pediatrics.
And yes, obviously dispensing hearing aids unnecessarily, or after ignoring medically referable conditions, will get you sued, your license revoked and possible legal blowback beyond that.